从外网访问VMware虚拟机的Web服务 - graybull's Blog
从外网访问VMware虚拟机的Web服务
在主机上安装了VMware，VMware上安装了Linux或windows虚拟机。我想让虚拟机向外提供Web服务，于是在它上面打开了IIS（Windows）。本文讲解如何让我的主机和外网用户可以访问IIS的网站。
我的情景是这样的：主机(windows 7)位于局域网内，要在主机上VMware安装windows 7虚拟机；虚拟机上安装Team Foundation Server2010，并向局域网其他用户提供TFS网站的访问。这里分解成几个步骤。
- 网络拓扑
- 原理说明
- VMware的NAT设置
- 端口转发（Port Forwarding）
- 路由器和防火墙设置
- 网络测试
网络拓扑
该前提下的网络拓扑有3种主要类型：家庭ADSL、公司局域网和托管机房公网。我的情景是第二种。
原理说明
有了拓扑之后，需要了解VMware的三种网络连接模式，区分桥接（bridged）、NAT和Host-only。桥接模式，可以看成主机与虚拟机用Hub相连接。NAT是局域网的重要技术，详细解释可以看百科。NAT模式，可看成主机是关口，虚拟机在网络内部，所有与虚拟机的通信均要经过关口。Host-only模式，看成主机与虚拟机是用双绞线相连的，它们可分别处于独立的网段。
公司局域网采用域管理，即虚拟机没有(申请)在域内，而主机在域内。所以我只能采用NAT模式，否则虚拟机没有访问网络（或被访问）的权限。
VMware的NAT设置
- 右键点击虚拟机，选择“setting”；
- 在左边栏的Hardware选项卡内选择Network Adapter；
- 在右边栏选择NAT，如下图：
端口转发（Port Forwarding）
在完成NAT设置之后，虚拟机便可以访问外部网络（局域网其他用户和Internet）了。但是，从外部网络不能访问虚拟机。这是因为NAT对外是屏蔽内部网络细节的。为了实现从外部访问虚拟机，则需要设置端口转发。
- 查看虚拟机的IP地址
- 在VMware的菜单项Edit下选择Vitual Network Editor；在上方选定NAT网络，在下方选择NAT(shared host's IP address with VMs),点击NAT Settings；
- 点击Add添加端口转发；
Host Port是主机的端口，即从外网访问主机该端口的请求，均转发至虚拟机；
Type指定传输协议，这里添加了TCP和UDP（Http一般只使用TCP）；
Vitual Machine IP Address填写虚拟机的IP地址和端口；由于这里需提供Web服务，所以应该填写Web端口（在windows IIS的网站中设定）；
路由器和防火墙设置
- 在外部网络与主机间若有路由器，则需设置端口映射；我的情景下没有；
- 关闭主机上的防火墙，或者设置防火墙的端口允许规则；
网络测试
- TFS的IIS网站已经搭建好；
- 在局域网其他用户的计算机上打开浏览器，访问http://<host's IP address>:host port；
假设主机的IP为10.1.1.1，则在浏览器访问http://10.1.1.1:8080。正常情况下，访问请求会转发至虚拟机，即该请求实际访问的是http://192.168.75.134：8080。
- 若正常打开Web网站，则测试通过。
2013年1月12日 18:49
我也是这样做的，用的是vbox。
我分享一个做法，在家里宿主win7，vbox里面ubuntu
端口转发ubuntu的transmission的端口到宿主机同端口，然后在路由器上开启虚拟服务器，把宿主机的端口再次转到公网地址端口，这样在其他地方，比如公司就能用web图形界面，控制ubuntu的transmission进行下载了。
2014年1月12日 03:42
@张宇恒: 你好，能不能给个具体的步骤呢？谢谢了！
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